Meaning
Accumulation of cash beyond the requirements of a standard operating budget indicates a high level of perceived systemic risk. Liquidity hoarding involves keeping a large percentage of wealth in highly accessible, non-productive forms. This behavior is typically a response to a loss of trust in the stability of the financial environment or a personal need for extreme security.
Large Reserves
Holding cash acts as a shield against sudden shocks to the business or personal life. While cash reserves provide peace of mind, liquidity hoarding also represents a failure to put capital to work in the broader economy. The cost of this shield is the lost interest and the gradual erosion of purchasing power due to inflation.
Economic Drag
When too many participants in a system hold onto cash, the overall velocity of money slows down. Liquidity hoarding at the individual level, when multiplied across a sector, leads to a decrease in available credit and a general economic cooling. This macro effect eventually hurts the hoarder by reducing the growth of the markets they depend on.
Capital Lock
Wealth that is hoarded is effectively removed from the pool of resources available for innovation. Liquidity hoarding prevents the funding of new ventures that could solve pressing problems or create future wealth. This lock on resources represents a high opportunity cost for society at large and a limit on the founder’s own legacy.